4. Concepts about print

• Readers need to know the conventions and practices of engaging with print in English– such as left to right text direction, one-to-one matching, and the role of simple text features (layout, diagrams).

• Most readers develop these concepts through exposure to print from an early age. Some adults might need to be explicitly taught these concepts, especially if they are English language learners. Others will have some surprising gaps that are easily addressed.

• It’s also possible that adult learners at entry-level are only familiar with a narrow range of texts. It’s important that their understanding is extended to include the basic features of texts such as digital texts.

Next 5. Assesing concepts about print