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Phonological awareness
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Phonological awareness (PDF, 54 KB)
Before they can start to work with print, learners need to be able to hear the sounds in spoken words. The ability to hear and work with the sounds in words is known as phonological awareness. It is an awareness that operates at different levels and becomes (as the chart below shows) increasingly finegrained, involving awareness at the levels of whole word, syllable, onset–rime and, finally, phoneme. Note that letters appearing between slashes (//) should be read as sounds (phonemes), not letter names, although standard letters are used here rather than phonetic notation.
Examples of the levels of phonological awareness
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Level
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Examples
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| word
| bed
| black
| napkin
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| syllable
| bed
| black
| nap-kin
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| onset–rime
| b-ed
| bl-ack
| n-ap k-in
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| phonemes
| /b/-/e/-/d/
| /b/-/l/-/a/-/ck/
| /n/-/a/-/p/-/k/-/i/-/n/
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